ABSTRACT
Background: Epidemiological studies have probed the correlation between telomere length and the risk of lung cancer, but their findings are inconsistent in this regard. The present meta-analysis study has been carried out to demonstrate the association between relative telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and the risk of lung cancer using an established Q-PCR technique
Methods: A systematic search was carried out using PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI before 2015. A total of 2925 cases of lung cancer and 2931 controls from 9 studies were employed to probe the relationship between lung cancer and telomere length .ORs were used at 95% CI. Random-effects models were used to investigate this relationship based on the heterogeneity test. Heterogeneity among studies was analyzed employing subgroup analysis based on type studies and the year of publication
Results: Random-effects meta-analysis revealed that patients with lung cancer were expected to have shorter telomere length than the control [1.13, 95% CI: 0.82-1.81, P=0.46]. The summary of the pooled ORs of telomere length in adenocarcinoma lung cancer patients was 1 [95%CI=0.68-1.47, I2=93%] compared to patients with squamous cell lung cancer, which was 1.78 [95% CI=1.25-2.53, I2=3.9%]. The meta-regression revealed that the effect of telomere length shortening, decreased and increased with the year of publication and the age of risks to lung cancer, was clearly related to short telomeres lengths
Conclusion: Lung cancer risks clearly related with short telomeres lengths. In patients with breathing problems, lung cancer risk can be predicted by telomere length adjustment with age, sex, and smoking
ABSTRACT
Background: Disintegration and dewatering of produced sludge during wastewater treatment is one of the main challenges in wastewater treatment process. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of ultrasonic method on dewatering of bio sludge in wastewater treatment plant under different conditions and select the best conditions.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, sludge disintegration and sludge dewatering after undergoing different conditions of frequency [35 and 130 KHz] and detention time [3, 5, 10 and 30 min] were investigated and finally the changes of SCOD, CST and SRF were determined.
Results: The results illustrated that the maximum ability of dewatering was obtained at a detention time of 5 min and frequency of 35 KHz for ultrasonic. Under this conditions SCOD%, CST and SRF were achieved to 4.3%, 151 S and 2.1×1013 m/kg respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results, ultrasonic method significantly increases the sludge disintegration and improves the sludge dewatering.
ABSTRACT
Anaerobic treatment methods are more suitable for the treatment of concentrated wastewater streams, offer lower operating costs, the production of usable biogas product. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor [AFBR] - Aerobic Moving Bed Bio Reactor [MBBR] in series arrangement to treat Currant wastewater. The bed materials of AFBR were cylindrical particles made of PVC with a diameter of 2-2.3 mm, particle density of 1250 kg/m[3]. The volume of all bed materials was 1.7 liter which expanded to 2.46 liters in fluidized situation. In MBBR, support media was composed of 1.5 liters Bee-Cell 2000 having porosity of 87% and specific surface area of 650m[2]/ m[3]. When system operated at 35 [degree sign] C, chemical oxygen demand [COD] removal efficiencies were achieved to 98% and 81.6% for organic loading rates [OLR] of 9.4 and 24.2 g COD/ l.d, and hydraulic retention times [HRT] of 48 and 18 h, in average COD concentration feeding of 18.4 g/l, respectively. The contribution of AFBR in total COD removal efficiency at an organic loading rate [OLR] of 9.4 g COD/ l.d was 95%, and gradually decreased to 76.5% in OLR of 24.2 g COD/ l.d. Also with increasing in organic loading rate the contribution of aerobic reactor in removing COD gradually decreased. In this system, the anaerobic reactor played the most important role in the removal of COD, and the aerobic MBBR was actually needed to polish the anaerobic treated wastewater
Subject(s)
Bioreactors , Biological Oxygen Demand AnalysisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We designed our study to evaluate the hypothesis that gastric cancer is correlated with iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the total body iodine reserve, thyroid function status and autoimmune disorder in 40 recently diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma cases versus 80 healthy controls. The participants came from a region with high gastric cancer rate but sufficient iodine supply due to salt iodination. The investigation included urine iodine level, thyroid gland clinical and ultrasonographic examination, and thyroid function tests. RESULTS: Goiter was detected more frequently in the case group (P=0.001); such a finding, however, was not true for lower than normal urine iodine levels. The free T3 mean level was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The higher prevalence of goiter rather than low levels of urinary iodine in gastric adenocarcinoma cases suggests that goiter, perhaps due to protracted but currently adjusted iodine deficiency, is more likely to be associated with gastric adenocarcinoma compared to the existing iodine deficiency itself.